Multiple human transgenes prolong survival of triple-carbohydrate knockout porcine kidney xenografts in nonhuman primates
Genetically modified pigs are being developed to address the critical shortage of human organs for transplantation. Although porcine xenografts lacking the three major carbohydrate xenoantigens (3KO) have been considered ideal for human transplantation, the optimal combination of human transgenes (HTGs) to mitigate protein incompatibility remains undefined. In the current study, we evaluate immune responses and transplant outcomes of 3KO kidney xenografts with four different combinations of HTGs in a nonhuman primate model. Here, we show that the addition of HTGs significantly reduces transcripts associated with early immune activation, resulting in markedly prolonged survival of 3KO xenografts. Notably, the inclusion of the anti-inflammatory genes TNFAIP3 and HMOX1 is associated with improved graft survival, significantly reduced T-cell and CD11b⁺ myeloid cell infiltration, and lower expression of rejection-related gene sets in protocol xenograft biopsies. Genetically modified pigs lacking the three major carbohydrate xenoantigens (3KO) are being developed to reduce immune rejection in xenotransplantation. Here, the authors evaluate 3KO kidney grafts and show that adding human transgenes, notably TNFAIP3 and HMOX1, dampens immune responses and improves graft survival in non-human primate models
